leading tone
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Tonic
leading tone
There are several types: Tonal (In a key): This can be a major or minor key. Modal (In a mode) Atonal: No key, no tonic note. There are various other more complex types like twelve tonality, whole tonality and polytonality, but these are the main three types.
'tonic' is created from two words which are 'ton' and 'ic'. 'ton' means tension, tone and stretching while 'ic' means pertaining/relating to. Therefore, if combined, 'tonic' means pertaining/relating to either tension, tone or stretching.
Music of the classical era was distinguished by its simple rhythms, melodies and harmonies, which were essentially tonic-dominant. Classical era music lacked the passion and elaborate instrumentation of the Romantic era, or the complex counterpoint which typified Baroque music.