I think he rescues them numerous times, but the one that first comes to my mind is when he rescues them from the Trolls, by keeping them arguing until the sun rose up and turned them all to stone.
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Gandalf turns off the lights and his wand lights up and he goes and gets the prisoners and they are free while the goblins try to reach the light
The dwarves are Bilbo's friends for most of the Hobbit.
At the Unexpected Party, when gandalf introduced the 13 dwarves to Bilbo.
The Dwarves, Bilbo, and Gandalf were trapped in the goblin town. Read the book!
They all look different They have different colored hoods.
They felt that he had been nothing but a bother and wondered why they had brought him along. Gandalf was ready to abandon the Dwarves to go and find him.