Bilbo was enchanted by the opportunity to spend time with the elves. The Dwarves were suspicious of elves, always had been. the Dwarves were also mad at the Elves when they first entered Rivendell because the Elves were making fun of their beards.
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In "The Hobbit" they initially looked down on him as a bumbling, comical, useless fellow. However, they came to rely on him because of the unusual powers the Ring gave him of being able to disappear and find things out for them. They didn't know it was the Ring and assumed he had superior stealth abilities - the ultimate "burglar" - until he finally told them about it.
He became great friends with them and was highly honored by them, as he was by the elves, who were impressed with his knowledge of their language and customs. By the way, he passed this knowledge onto Frodo, which also impressed the elves he met on his journeys. The movies did not mention this.
Bilbo took the Arkenstone and gave it to Bard so he could negotiate with the Dwarves. Thorin considered it a theft and was not willing to deal with Bilbo anymore. He said Bilbo's share of the treasure would be used to ransom the stone. The confilict was resolved as Thorin lay dying; he forgave Bilbo.
Bilbo is upset with the plan because they involve him checking the situation out himself.
Bilbo, with all the dwarves' plans, is unhappy because they involve him checking the situation out.
The Elvenking ordered his men to lock away his prisoners,"The Dwarves", in different cells around the castle and to give them food and water and to be kept there until they say what they were doing in his forest.
They felt that he had been nothing but a bother and wondered why they had brought him along. Gandalf was ready to abandon the Dwarves to go and find him.
The dwarves are Bilbo's friends for most of the Hobbit.
The elven king thought the dwarves were there to steal his treasures.
The movies do not tell why the Dwarves are hated in The Hobbit and The Hobbit DoS. However, it is believed that past wars and experiences are the reason the Dwarves are hated.