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Ideally speaking Axles are meant for balancing/transferring Bending moment and Shafts are meant for Balancing/transferring Torque.But,they can be used interchangeably also.We can have a shaft which also transmits Torque as well as Balances bending moment and in the same way an axle can also function as shaft.Such machine elements which function as axle as well as shaft are called Axleshafts.Axleshafts are designed while taking care of the acting Bending Moment as well as Torque. Ideally speaking Axles are meant for balancing/transferring Bending moment and Shafts are meant for Balancing/transferring Torque.But,they can be used interchangeably also.We can have a shaft which also transmits Torque as well as Balances bending moment and in the same way an axle can also function as shaft.Such machine elements which function as axle as well as shaft are called Axleshafts.Axleshafts are designed while taking care of the acting Bending Moment as well as Torque.

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A spindle is a narrow shaft that is used for rotating parts that rotate around the spindle itself. Often the spindle is mounted fixed at one end, and open at the other so that parts can be easily installed without removing the spindle.

A shaft is a rotating cylinder that may or may not have parts, such as wheels (turbine), impellers and oil slingers...etc. fixed to it. it is mounted most often at both ends in bearings so that the whole rotor assembly can rotate. This is a drive mechanism.

An axle is more specifically used for mounting wheels to any type of carriage, such as an automobile, it does not rotate but it may have power transmission shafts mounted inside the axle to drive the carriage; or the wheels are mounted on the ends of the axle with the use of spindles and wheel bearings, for axles that do not drive the vehicle.

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Q: What is the difference between a spindle a axle and shaft?
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What is the shaft of which a wheel rotates?

Axle


What is the difference between split axle and tandem axle trailers?

Tandem axles are connected by spring Multi axle trailers Shipyard Transporters


What is the difference between free and fixed axles?

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What is the difference between a stationary pulley and a mobile pulley?

Very simple the answers in your own question.Stationary pulleys works on its own axle of rotation while the Movable pulleys move with Load like the one in cranes.


Why will decreasing the radius of the axle improve the mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle?

it's a mechanical advantage of 1 (meaning no mechanical advantage). This is because no matter how much easier it is to spin a the wheel rather than the axle, its a longer distance of effort force and vice versa. * * * * * True, but that is not what mechanical advantage is! Mechanical advantage IS the trade off between the force required and the distance travelled. You can find the ideal mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle by dividing the radius of the wheel by the radius of the axle. * * * * * Better. But I think it could be either of the two reciprocal ratios of the radii, depending on whether the wheel/axle is being used in a 2nd class or 3rd class lever configuration ... i.e., are you cranking the wheel in order to turn the axle, as in a winch, or spinning the axle in order to turn the wheel, as in a motor-vehicle ?