"Resonator" usually refers to the Exhaust system. A resonator is a piece of tubing that is slightly larger in diameter than the rest of the exhaust pipe. It is usually located after the catalytic converter, and before the muffler. Vehicles can have multiple resonators. They also usually have some sort of sound deadening material inside. The name resonator would lead one to believe it makes the exhaust louder, but it is actually there to reduce drone and make a quieter exhaust tone.
Resonator can also refer to a chamber in the intake system of the car that serves the same purpose as a resonator in the exhaust system.
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