Wrong size filter for the engine, filter too tight or too loose, filter has a hole in it, or gasket not oiled before installation thus causing it to leak. The old gasket could have been left on the engine thus causing a leak with 2 gaskets installed.
Let the engine overheat will normally blow the head gasket.
The muffler is probably worn out and should be replaced.
If the exhaust system was very leaky, the exhaust gasses would just leak out. If the system was well sealed, it might blow up the muffler or other component, or blow out a gasket. It might also just blow out whatever you stuck in the exhaust pipe.
blow a gasket, blow a fuse : pushed past some tolerance level into an angry fit.
Yes.
v 12 motor swap
Most likely that a valve is installed backwards, or two (or all three) valves are in the wrong position or you are not vibrating your lips in the correct manner
Lots of things can cause a head gasket to fail, but the usual cause is engine overheating. Things like warped or cracked heads, incorrectly installed gaskets or heads, incorrectly torqued head bolts, torquing head bolts in the wrong sequence, are also common culprits. Not having the oil filler cap installed, while not a good idea, shouldn't result in head gasket failure. No antifreeze in the radiator (either just water filled or empty, not sure which your question meant), or not having the radiator cap installed, could definitely cause engine overheating, and therefore, a blown head gasket.
Normally they blow due to engine overheating. They can sometimes blow for no apparent reason.
If it was repaired before head might have been warped and wasn't checked, poor quality gasket and or incorrect torque values. A warped head won't seal no matter what you do.
No, head gaskets usually blow because the engine overheated or there was a defect in the gasket or head during production.