Depends on exactly how it happened. From what you've told us, yes, the speeding driver would be responsible for all the damage if his speeding was the direct (and only) cause of the accident. But if you were trying to beat a red light or were pulling into the street from a driveway or alley, you are also at-fault.
The fact that a driver gets a speeding ticket has nothing to do with the owner of the car(unless it's the speeders.) The vehicle owner's insurance company will never know about the ticket, but your's will (or your parents) if you're a minor and insured under your parent's insurance. However, if there's a reportable accident involved with the speeding ticket, then the owner of the vehicle,(I'm speaking only for New York State, not sure about others), will be considered responsible for the accident, since the insurance company will now know, but the speeding goes with the driver.
yes yes
Driver's licensure is a condition of getting auto insurance.
No. Speeding tickets are issued to the driver not the vehicle.
It is possible that the insurance rate would go up if a permitted driver has an accident. Usually, raising insurance rates is not an individual decision.
Very simple, the insurance policy follows the vehicle not the driver. In this case, the vehicle insurer will be responsible for all damages.
Yes, you are generally covered if you are caught speeding in any car as long as your driver's license is valid, your insurance is up to date, and you were not intoxicated. Your insurance covers you as a driver.
Generally speaking, no. However, in any moving incident/violation, your driving record is checked. If it turns out that you have a few past speeding tickets, and maybe another previous accident or two where you were not at fault, the insurance company may choose to tag you as a high-risk driver and increase your premium. On the other hand, if you are a driver with a spotless record, your rates will probably not go up in the event of an accident where you are not at fault.
Typically, the uninsured driver will be cited for it, and your insurance co. is liable for the damages.
Yes.
He may be at fault for not having insurance. He may or may not be at fault for the accident. Whether or not a driver carries insurance is a separate issue than the one concerning who is at fault in an accident. Do not confuse them or let them overlap. A good, objective assessor won't.
You hope that the other driver responsible in the crash has insurance that covers uninsured drivers and then you sue your friend!