yes
yes
yes
That is false. At least in America. Solid yellow lines are the means to separate traffic traveling in an opposite direction. A solid white line marks the outside edge of your lane, or the outside edge of the lane traveling in your direction. Meaning you'll either go into the shoulder, or off the road entirely, if you go over the solid white line.
Yellow.
Traffic moving the opposite direction of most other traffic
Traffic moving the opposite direction of most other traffic
Traffic, a conveyor belt, a river current, and a moving walkway can proceed in the opposite direction.
No, you would use a series of dashes, not a solid line, to separate lanes of traffic which move in the same direction, and allow changes of lane. A solid line indicates lanes of traffic moving in opposite directions, and should not be crossed.
Interstate Highway 495, which was named "The Circumferential Highway", but is now called "The Beltway," was designed to carry traffic around the city of Washington. The highway is made of two rings or "loops"; the "inner loop" carries traffic in a clockwise direction around the city, and the "outer loop", the opposite direction. When there is construction, a traffic accident, and the like impeding traffic on I-495, the location of the incident is usually identified by the nearest exit and "inner" or "outer" loop, because usually traffic traveling in the opposite direction is not affected.
Red
Yellow lines typically separate traffic moving in opposite directions, while white lines separate lanes of traffic moving in the same direction. Yellow lines are used to indicate no passing zones, where passing is unsafe or prohibited, while white lines indicate lane boundaries or areas where lane changes are permitted.
Traffic in the lane opposite the yellow line travels in the opposing direction.