manual or automatic?
My probe will not shift to any gear while running but will when turned off. Before taking it to a mechanic I would like a general idea if this is a clutch or transmission problem.
slave cylinder failed?
I have to guess at a few things but.. I am guessing because the engine has serious problem with how it is running the engine computer has increased the idle speed very high to try and keep it running. If this is the case putting it into gear will bang very hard and drop the engine speed to below what the engine control computer can keep it running. So it quits. Get the engine fixed.
If it will shift when the engine is off, but not while it is running your clutch is not working
Besides the smart alec answer "start an automobile", a starter has a small gear, that will both extend as well as rotate when the key is turned. This gear will engage teeth on the flywheel/flexplate, which is bolted to the rear of the crankshaft. As the starter turns, the engine will be turned.
You can buy gear for running at a sporting goods store. Most sporting stores will offer a lot of running gear from running shoes, sweat pants, and sweatshirts.
At the back end of the engine is a large ring gear connected to the engine crankshaft. If there is a starter (some engines do not have starters) it will be mounted in the engine such that the bendix gear of the starter can engage the ring gear and spin the crankshaft. It's called a bendix because it jumps out to engage the ring gear (while the starter motor is running) and retracts off of the ring gear once the engine is running (starter motor no longer running). It is typically access from under the car. If you must replace it, let the engine cool off first. Otherwise the starter will be just as hot as the engine is.
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all depends on your engine and running gear and if it's a #'s matching car.
It will move for you, in fact the higher the gear the easier it will be to move. When you push the bike and begin to rotate the rear wheel with the trans in gear you are rotating the crankshaft of the engine, jumpstarting the engine for all intensive purposes.
If it will go into gear when the engine is off but not when the engine is running, the clutch is not disengaging. It could be the clutch, possibly warped or put in wrong, or it could be the hydraulic clutch mechanism.