*mnemonic to memorize: V-O-MER
Tectospinal, Rubrospinal, Recticulospinal, Vestibulospinal
延髓 (Medulla)
in external granular (layer 2) = stellate + small pyramidal neuronsin external pyramidal (layer 3) = medium pyramidal neurons
the subdivisions of the brain is called hemisphere.
what is the basis on which subdivisions are made
pyramidal
The two massive motor tracts serving voluntary movements are pyramidal and corticospinal.
The Similarity: Pyramidal and extra-pyramidal system are the descending tracts (motor tracts) of spinal cord.The Difference:1) Their tracts -Pyramidal system = lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts + corticobulbar tractExtra-pyramidal system = rubrospinal + olivospinal + lateral and medial reticulospinal + tectospinal + vestibulospinal tracts2) "Extrapyramidal tracts" don't reach their targets by traveling through the "pyramids of medulla". Pyramidal tracts go through the pyramids of medulla.3) Pyramidal tracts may directly innervate motor neurons of spinal cord or brainstem (anterior horn cells or certain cranial nerve nuclei). But, extrapyramidal tractsindirectly control the anterior horn cells (for modulation and regulation)4) Pyramidal system is responsible for fine, isolated, precise and specific movements. Extrapyramidal system is responsible for gross, syngergic movements which require the activity of large groups of muscles
Primary motor cortex
pyramidal and corticospinal
延髓 (Medulla)
Rubrospinal tractTectospinal tractLateral reticulospinal tract
The primary motor cortex send nervous impulses via the pyramidal cells, down the pyramidal tracts in the spinal cord.
The precentral gyrus is in the cerebrum and can be found in the frontal lob of the forebrain. Its function is to begin pyramidal nerve tracts.
Location: Medulla oblongata Function: To transmit nerve impulses from one side of the body to the other
Disorders of the pyramidal tracts are characterized by spasticity and paralysis (e.g., stroke). The pyramidal motor system originating in the motor cortex provides control of delicate muscle movement. Tracts of the pyramidal motor system are the corticospinal tract, cortibulbar tract, coricopontine. It is often difficult to delineate a pyramidal from an extrapyramidal lesion during a clinical assessment. Good link for explanation: http://books.google.com/books?id=yY5scDAv8oUC&pg=PA60&lpg=PA60&dq=assess+pyramidal+motor+system+lesion&source=bl&ots=UyFuRjg71r&sig=xj0Gq91LYkRlVCZdra6mH6LTCPo&hl=en&ei=84LyScjSOpOwMfbP_MIP&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#PPA67,M1
pyramidal
To make it simple, they are 3 types of descending (efferent) tracts of spinal cord:Pyramidal tracts = lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts + corticobulbar tractExtra-pyramidal tracts= Vestibulospinal + Reticulospinal (Lateral and medial) + Olivospinal + Rubrospinal + Tectospinal tractsDescending autonomic