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The Similarity: Pyramidal and extra-pyramidal system are the descending tracts (motor tracts) of spinal cord.
The Difference:
1) Their tracts -
- Pyramidal system = lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts + corticobulbar tract
- Extra-pyramidal system = rubrospinal + olivospinal + lateral and medial reticulospinal + tectospinal + vestibulospinal tracts
2) "Extrapyramidal tracts" don't reach their targets by traveling through the "pyramids of medulla". Pyramidal tracts go through the pyramids of medulla.
3) Pyramidal tracts may directly innervate motor neurons of spinal cord or brainstem (anterior horn cells or certain cranial nerve nuclei). But, extrapyramidal tractsindirectly control the anterior horn cells (for modulation and regulation)
4) Pyramidal system is responsible for fine, isolated, precise and specific movements. Extrapyramidal system is responsible for gross, syngergic movements which require the activity of large groups of muscles
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What does extrapyramidal mean?
relating to or denoting nerves concerned with motor activity that descend from the cortex to the spine and are not part of the pyramidal system.
What would happen if the extra pyramidal system was damaged?
Damage to the extrapyramidal system can result in movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, dystonia, or dyskinesias. Symptoms may include tremors, rigidity, slowness of movement, and difficulty with motor control and coordination. Treatment may involve medications, physical therapy, and in some cases, deep brain stimulation.
If you suspect pyramidal tract lesion what do you check?
To assess for pyramidal tract lesion, you may check for signs such as hyperreflexia, Babinski sign, spasticity, weakness or paralysis, and abnormal gait or movement patterns. Imaging studies like MRI may also be helpful in confirming the diagnosis. Additionally, a thorough neurological examination can help in identifying specific deficits associated with pyramidal tract dysfunction.
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What does the pyramidal system provide?
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What are extra pyramidal tract signs?
· Increased tone in anti-gravity muscles · No muscle wasting · Paralysis of voluntary movements · Absent abdominal reflex · Babinski's Sign - plantar reflex · Deep tendon reflexes brisk, exaggerated/sustained clonus
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