Yes, there are many parts of a policy that can pay out on certain circumstances. Your car insurance policy may even cover you while you are a pedestrian.
Auto Insurance follows the car not the driver. My son's girlfriend was driving his car when they where in an accident and his insurance was responsible.
Yes,, That's what it's for. It pays for damages you caused to another.
First, you cannot find out what insurance company another person uses as this is a privacy issue. If you have had an accident with this person, the insurance company will be listed on the accident report. This is your only option for getting the insurance company name, unless the person wishes to tell you.
If you have had an accident with this person then his insurance information should be present on the accident report. If you have no claim on this person's auto insurance then it is not your business whether or not he has insurance.
If you were involved in an accident with this person then their insurance information will be listed on the accident report. If you were not involved in an accident then it is not your business who they have insurance with. Much of this is covered by the privacy laws so if you really have to know ask the person.
A DUI will not, it will if the person is on your policy and may increase if that person cause an accident in your car.
the insurance of the person responsible for the accident
If another person was at fault for the accident, you will need to go after their insurance company. If you are liability only, your insurance company will not pay for anything.
The rule of thumb is that the owner's insurance pays first and, if that coverage is inadequate, the driver's car pays.
It is meant to protect you in case you injure or kill another person.
Nothing happens if a person that hits someone in their vehicle and their insurance is covered through another state than the accident happened at. Car insurance companies will pay for damages no matter where they happen at.
If someone is seeking damages from an injury as a result of an auto accident and they are not satisfied with the offer from the insurance company I would suggest that a lawyer be consulted.