By navigation using the stars. Sailors measured the position of the stars above the horizon using a sextant, from a table of known postions of the stars. This method also requires that you know the time of day, which is taken from a known point at Greenwich in England (Greenwich Mean Time GMT). Every place on earth takes its time from being plus or minus so many hours from GMT.
Before the compass was invented, ancient civilizations used various methods for navigation, such as following the stars, landmarks, and sun position. They also employed techniques like celestial navigation, where sailors used the stars to determine their direction at sea. Despite being less precise and reliable, these methods were crucial for early explorers and traders.
They often used an instrument know as a sextant which used the stars to help navigate. Follow the related link (below) for more information.
Sailors rely on stars before compasses were invented, some sailors rely on landmarks too! (But most sailors who rely on landmarks get lost, just think of it your in the Atlantic ocean there are no land marks just water, they did that about five ((5)) years then saw a pattern in the stars to help them get where there going, so before the compass they used stars.)
Before compasses were invented, navigators relied on observations of the sun, stars, and landmarks to find their way at sea. They would use celestial navigation techniques, such as determining the position of the North Star, to help guide their ships. Additionally, they would also rely on natural phenomena, like ocean currents and bird migrations, to assist in their navigation.
The used the stars in the night sky for navigation in darkness (using the north stars altitude to work out latitude) , the sun during the day. The first Western civilization known to have developed the art of navigation at sea were the Phoenicians, about 4,000 years ago (c. 2000 BC). Phoenician sailors accomplished navigation by using primitive charts and observations of the Sun and stars to determine directions. Some of the early instruments used to assist sailors in determining latitude were the cross staff, astrolabe, and quadrant. The astrolabe dates back to ancient Greece, when it was used by astronomers to help tell time, and was first used by mariners in the fifteenth century. It was used to measure the altitude of the Sun and stars to determine latitude.
Sailors used constellations as a navigational aid to determine their position at sea. By observing the position of specific constellations relative to the horizon, they could establish their direction and make adjustments to stay on course. This practice, known as celestial navigation, helped sailors navigate the open oceans before the invention of modern navigational tools.
Navigation Act
No. Some had been sailors on other ships. Columbus is reported to have gone to Prince Henry's school of navigation, but for the most part it took a lot of guts to get on a small ship with sailors that were not always the nicest people and who came out of jail that morning and to go without knowing where they were going.
No, the Phoenicians were sailors and traders long before the Hebrews.
Before compasses were invented, people used natural navigation methods such as observing the position of the sun, moon, and stars, as well as landmarks and natural signs like wind patterns and animal behavior to navigate and find directions.
no the navigation act was before the quartering act
During the times of Magellan, life on a caravel was very miserable. Sailors had a limited food supply of hardtack, a cracker made out of flour, which was usually vile and infested with rat feces and urine. The hammock had not yet been invented before columbus, so sailors slept on the deck. Sailors suffered from malnutrition, starvation, disease, and scurvy.