Sarcophilus harrisii
The Tasmanian Devil's scientific name was given by naturalist George Harris, but he actually named it Didelphis ursina. It was renamed Dasyurus laniarius by Richard Owen in 1838 (the dasyurids are the carnivorous marsupials), but three years later was renamed Sarcophilus Harisii by French botanist and geologist Pierre Boitard.
The name Sarcophilus Harrisi means "Harris's flesh lover." Sarco loosely means "flesh" and philusrelates to "love".
Other names: Sarcophilus laniarius has also been used recently in light of comparisons between a fossil specimen named S. laniarius, named prior to the naming of S. harrisii, and the extant species.
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The Tasmanian Devil's real name is just Tasmanian Devil. Its scientific name is Sarcophilusharrisii.
It is possible that this question refers to the real name of the Tasmanian devil's extinct relative, the Tasmanian tiger, which is Thylacine.
There is no other name for the Tasmanian devil. This is the name by which it is known.