There are no countries but there are seven territories: Adélie Land, Antártica, Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, British Antarctic Territory, Dronning Maud Land, and The Ross Dependency. For more on these, visit the Wikipedia article:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic_territorial_claims#Official_claims
Calling them "territories" is stretching the meaning of the word "territory", especially since the above are not recognized by most of the countries of the world.
Also, the United States has not claimed any part of Antarctica, but it reserves the right to do so in the future, if necessary. A large part of the Antarctic coast is named "Wilkes Land", named for the American naval captain who discovered it.
Wilkes Land is just as important as any of the other ones named above, since none of them is internationally recognized.
D.A.W.
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The original signatories were the 12 countries active in Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year(IGY) of 1957-58. The twelve countries had significant interests in Antarctica at the time: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States.
There are no countries in Antarctica.
Instead there are territories claimed by countries. Those territories include:
The Antarctic Treaty, signed by governments representing 80% of the earth's population specifically ignores claims and disallows any new claims to territory on the Antarctic continent. Further, the treaty preserves the continent as a continent for science.
Antarctica is it's own country and has no other countries or territories in it. It is also the only place on Earth with no permanent population (unless you count Santa Claus in the North Pole). It is different from other cold, barren tundras in that it actually has land under it's snow and ice, unlike Greenland, for example, which is a giant ice-mass and has no actual land underneath it. Antarctica is also the only location in the world declared to be a war-free zone by every other major country in the world and is used as a research and scientific location by the Scientific Community.