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A pejorative term often used to refer to a member of a class of low social status is "commoner" or "peasant".
Industrialism led to the creation of distinct social classes, as wealth became concentrated among industrialists and business owners while many workers toiled in poor conditions for low wages. This resulted in a widening gap between the rich and the poor, leading to social inequality and class conflicts. Additionally, industrialism also led to the emergence of a middle class comprised of skilled workers and professionals.
Status inconsistency refers to a situation where an individual occupies different positions in the social hierarchy that are not consistent with their level of income, education, or occupation. This can lead to confusion or tension for the individual as they navigate conflicting norms and expectations associated with their different social statuses.
The caste system in India is a hereditary social hierarchy system based on traditional occupations and religious beliefs, with limited social mobility, while the class system in the US is based on socioeconomic status and individuals have the potential to move between social classes. Caste is seen as more rigid and determined at birth, whereas class can be influenced by factors such as education, income, and occupation.
In the 1960s, social classes in many Western societies were typically divided into upper class, middle class, and working class. The upper class consisted of wealthy elite individuals, the middle class included professionals and white-collar workers, and the working class encompassed blue-collar workers and laborers. The civil rights movement and feminist movements also brought attention to issues of race, gender, and class intersecting with social status during this decade.