John Bowlby posited that attachment is the result of evolutionary pressure placed on primate infants to increase their survival rate. Attachment theory prompts the infant to seek proximity with a familiar caregiver when they feel threatened or in danger.
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Bowlby's attachment theory suggests that children are biologically predisposed to form attachments to their caregivers in order to ensure survival. These attachments provide a sense of security and help shape the child's future relationships and emotional development. The theory emphasizes the importance of a secure attachment in early childhood for healthy emotional and social development.
Understanding attachment theory can help individuals gain insight into their relationship patterns and understand how their early experiences with caregivers influence their adult relationships. It can also be useful for parents to learn about attachment theory to help build secure attachments with their children and promote healthy development. Overall, knowledge of attachment theory can enhance self-awareness, improve relationships, and support emotional well-being.
Travis Hirschi
The four elements of social bond theory are attachment (emotional connection to others), commitment (investment in conventional activities), involvement (engagement in legitimate activities), and belief (acceptance of societal values and norms). These elements are believed to reduce the likelihood of individuals engaging in deviant behavior.
Travis Hirschi was the first theorist to introduce the notion of individual commitment as a powerful determining force in the social control of behavior. In his social control theory, he emphasized the importance of attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief in shaping an individual's likelihood to engage in delinquent behaviors.
The first social theory of aging is the Disengagement Theory, proposed by Elaine Cumming and William Henry in 1961. The theory suggests that as people age, they naturally withdraw or disengage from society, leading to mutual separation between the older individual and their social roles.