Answerancient Egypt survived for an almost incredibly long period, during which many nations and empires rose, flourished and disappeared.
Some of the major contemporary peoples of the Near East include: Hittites, Sumerians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Philistines and other Sea Peoples, and the West Semitic people of the Levant, including those known through The Bible as the Canaanites and, eventually, the Hebrew people. Egypt also faced the Libyans to the west, and the Ethiopians to the south. Egypt eventually came under Greek, then Roman rule.