Judaism suffers a demographic/integration problem.
1) Many Jews marry non-Jewish partners. This wouldn't be a problem if the non-Jewish partners converted, but many do not. That's not the worst of it. Jewishness is passed down maternally (through the mother), so if a male Jew marries a female gentile, his descendants are not Jews. You can imagine how slowly the Jewish population is growing. It barely keeps even with the Death Rate.
2) Assimilation. Many Jews grow up without a full understanding of their heritage and religion. They lose their religious observance and thus cannot teach their children about Judaism and so on.
Couple the integration problem (marriage, assimilation) with low religious observance and you get a slowly declining population who is unaware of their religion.
The Iranian nuclear program; and assimilation.
Islam is currently facing an issue of repairing its image which has been tarnished by radicals and extremists. It also faces the problem of expansion in a world that has so many different religions.
In my opinion the two largest questions facing Islam today are: 1: How can Islam respond to the non-Islamic West in ways which enable co-operation. 2: How will the majority of Muslims deal with the radicals in their midst.
Treatment/acceptance of homosexuals. Remedying gross inequities in society. I know this is three, but environmental responsibility is gaining importance among Christians.
The closest there is to a 'current leader' in Judaism is the Chief Rabbinate of Israel, that gives the 'most authoritative' interpretation of the law; precisely how authoritative it is, however, is a matter for a 'characteristic divergence of opinions' to put it simply, in Judaism :)Answer:Judaism hasn't had a single leader for two thousand years, let alone a current one. Each Jewish community has its own Rabbi or Rabbis. Answer:There is no "current leader" in Judaism as Judaism is not a centralised religion.
monsoons & cyclones
For sure - there are two 'international' issues. Should the UK remain a member of the EU and should Scotland remain in the United Kingdom. There's a referendum planned on each of these questions...
No, not necessarily. The two countries are very different, but reasonably safe, despite the current issues there.
human rights abuses on command of the religion and the lack of growth amongst educated peoples.
The compound word is current events. (Remember that some compound words are "open" meaning that there is a space between the two words.)
Judaism and Christianity.
Judaism doesn't have 2 sides. It has many many aspects.