Who founded fascism?

Answer 1

In earlier times, <20th Century, fascism was more of an intellectual or philosophic discussion rather than a political persuasion.

In the early decades of the 20th century, a distinct faction was formed specifically to oppose communism, and they adopted the fascisti symbol - a bundle of sticks bound together to symbolize strength in unity. An old Roman device.

This was an avowedly political cause - not just philosophical. They believed actively in totalitarianism - the opposite of that espoused by communism.

Answer 2

ancient Rome. (At least they were the first to do it effectively.)

When the Roman Empire conquests of the Mediterranean was just getting started.