The cakes refer to the different types of federalism. The main concern is the sharing or separation of powers and the extent to which the State and Federal governments cooperate or compete. They are as follows
Layer Cake--Dual Federalism--1789 to 1860
Marble Cake--Cooperative Federalism-- 1930 to 1960
Pound Cake--Co-optive federalism-- 1960 to 1980
Crumble Cake--Competitive Federalism-- 1980 till Present
Federalism is a system of government where power is shared between parts of a nation and the nation's government. Each part will have its own semi-autonomous government with authority over a wide array of issues while still having to maintain the national government's standards and with national government oversight.
Federalism is the constitutional system that divides power between the national and state government. In the USA, the National Government has reserved rights that only it can perform, such as printing money. The State and National Governments can share rights, such as the right to tax citizens. This system is used so that the National Government isn't too powerful and the people can have some control.
The stars on the American flag are arranged in rows, with each star representing a state in the United States. The stars are typically arranged in a grid pattern, with each row having a specific number of stars to represent the 50 states in the country.
St. Patrick used the shamrock to demonstrate the Christian doctrine of the Holy Trinity: that one god is comprised of 3 entities.
State symbols are used to represent the unique identity and heritage of each state. These symbols can include things like state flags, animals, flowers, and slogans that help promote a sense of pride and unity among residents. They serve as symbols of state pride and often reflect the history, culture, and natural resources of a specific state.
Federalism is an ideology based on how much power the federal (national) level of government should have. There are two main schools of thought. One is dual federalism (also known as layer cake federalism). Under dual federalizm, state and national government both have their own set of powers and should not interfere with each other's business. The other, cooperative federalism (or marble cake federalism), is based on the idea that both levels of government should work together. Take for example the New Deal.
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Dual Federalism: a system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies. This is commonly known as "layer cake" federalism.
Dual federalism: Think of it as a layer cake in which national and state governmentsare split into their own independent spheres. This form of government revolves around the idea that both national and state governments are sovereign within their own spheres. This results in a relationship between state governments and national governments that relies on tension rather than cooperation.Cooperative federalism: Think of it as a marble cake in which national and state governments work together to solve common problems and are each individual parts to a whole. This form of federalism revolves around making policies equally and not separately. This results in a relationship between state governments and national governments that relies on cooperation rather than tension.
Duel Federalism: Both the State and Federal levels of government are in their own separate spheres, and do not work together to solve issues. They should be coequal sovereign governments, but within the limits that they both have (States limitations as made by the Constitution).-separate, equal powerCooperative Federalism: State and Federal governments work together to solve issues. Also called "marble-cake."-work togetherNew Federalism: Gives more control over federal programs to state and local levels. Involves more block grants.-gives states more power
Federalism
Federalism is a system of government and not a written document. It can take several slightly different forms and each country that uses the system will have differences.
The answer to the analogy "ancient is to old as what is to new" is "antique." In this analogy, "ancient" is a synonym for "old," just as "antique" is a synonym for "new." Both pairs of words represent items or concepts that are older or newer in comparison to each other.
Each person would have eaten 1/6 (one sixth) of the cake.
Federalism
Each person will then get 1/3 of the cake.