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EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE: A clause of the Fourteenth Amendment that forbids any state to deny equal protection of the laws to any individual within its jurisdiction.
THREE TESTS THAT ARE ASSOCIATE WITH DISCRIMINATION IN LAW: The tests associated with legal discrimination are : 1) REASONABLE-BASIS TEST: stipulates that some inequalities (such as unequal tax rates for people of different income levels) are acceptable as long as they are related to legitimate government interests. 2) THE STRICT-SCRUTINY TEST: premised on the belief that racial and ethnic-based classifications are unconstitutional almost by definition.
3) INTERMEDIATE-SCRUTINY TEST: has been used with regard to sex classifications, and is less rigid than the strict-scrutiny test but more rigid than the reasonable-basis test. For example, the exclusion of women from the military draft has been judged by the courts to be constitutional, whereas most other forms of gender discrimination in law have been judged unconstitutional.
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ProfessorThe three tests commonly associated with discrimination law are disparate treatment (intentional discrimination), disparate impact (unintentional discrimination), and the reasonable accommodation test (for individuals with disabilities). These tests help determine if discrimination has occurred based on different criteria.
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How has natural law been corrupt?
Natural law theory has been criticized for being vague and susceptible to misinterpretation, leading to conflicting ethical conclusions. Some argue that it can be used to justify harmful actions by appealing to a supposed "natural order." Additionally, historical applications of natural law have been used to support oppressive practices, such as slavery, colonialism, and discrimination.
How is CEDAW different from International Human Rights?
CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women) is a specific international treaty aimed at eliminating discrimination against women. International human rights encompass a broader set of rights that apply to all individuals regardless of gender or any other characteristic, such as the right to life, freedom from torture, and freedom of speech. CEDAW is part of international human rights law but focuses specifically on women's rights.
What are some examples that illustrate the distinction between civil liberties and civil rights?
Civil liberties are individual freedoms protected by law, such as freedom of speech and religion. Civil rights are protections against discrimination based on characteristics like race or gender, such as the right to vote or equal access to education. Examples of civil liberties include the right to privacy and the right to a fair trial, while examples of civil rights include the right to be free from discrimination in employment and housing.
How would you explain the difference between civil and political rights?
Civil rights refer to the basic rights and freedoms that protect individuals from discrimination based on characteristics like race, gender, or religion. Political rights, on the other hand, relate to participation in the political process, such as the right to vote or run for office. In essence, civil rights guarantee equality and protection under the law, while political rights enable individuals to have a voice in shaping that law.
Pre-law vs political science?
Pre-law is a track of courses that prepare students for law school, focusing on critical thinking, research, and writing skills. Political science is a broader field that studies government, politics, and policy, covering various aspects like political theory, international relations, and public administration. While pre-law is more focused on preparing students for a legal career, political science offers a broader understanding of political systems and behaviors.
