It means that a surface is divided into many small pieces, the area of each piece is multiplied by a quantity (for example, the electric field - possibly a vector multiplication), and everything is added up in the end.
Electric flux measures the flow of electric field through a surface. It is defined as the dot product of the electric field and the normal to the surface, integrated over the surface area. It represents the number of electric field lines passing through a given area.
A positive electric field strength indicates that the field is directed away from a positive charge or towards a negative charge. It signifies the direction in which a positive test charge would move if placed in the electric field.
Moving electric charges will interact with an electric field. Moving electric charges will also interact with a magnetic field.
I assume you mean, of the gravitational field? The gravitational field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. At a distance of 1 Earth radius, the distance from the center of the Earth is twice the distance at the Earth's surface; thus, the field strength is 1/4 what it is on the surface. If at the surface the field strength is about 9.8 meters per second square, divide that by 4 to get the field strength at a distance of one Earth radius from the surface.I assume you mean, of the gravitational field? The gravitational field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. At a distance of 1 Earth radius, the distance from the center of the Earth is twice the distance at the Earth's surface; thus, the field strength is 1/4 what it is on the surface. If at the surface the field strength is about 9.8 meters per second square, divide that by 4 to get the field strength at a distance of one Earth radius from the surface.I assume you mean, of the gravitational field? The gravitational field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. At a distance of 1 Earth radius, the distance from the center of the Earth is twice the distance at the Earth's surface; thus, the field strength is 1/4 what it is on the surface. If at the surface the field strength is about 9.8 meters per second square, divide that by 4 to get the field strength at a distance of one Earth radius from the surface.I assume you mean, of the gravitational field? The gravitational field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. At a distance of 1 Earth radius, the distance from the center of the Earth is twice the distance at the Earth's surface; thus, the field strength is 1/4 what it is on the surface. If at the surface the field strength is about 9.8 meters per second square, divide that by 4 to get the field strength at a distance of one Earth radius from the surface.
Permittivity is a measure of a material's ability to store electrical energy in an electric field. It is a property that describes how much a material can polarize in response to an applied electric field. It is typically denoted by the symbol ε.
Electric flux measures the flow of electric field through a surface. It is defined as the dot product of the electric field and the normal to the surface, integrated over the surface area. It represents the number of electric field lines passing through a given area.
Electric flux is a measure of the number of electric field lines passing through a given area. It is defined as the dot product of the electric field and the surface area vector, and represents the flow of electric field through a surface. The electric flux is used to understand how electric fields interact with charged objects and surfaces.
No.there can be electric field on the Gaussian surface even if the charge enclosed by it is zero.However ,net flux will be zero through the surface.
If you mean an electric field it is the field that surrounds an electric charge. If you have two parallel plates with positive and negative charges, the amount of electric field in the space between the plates is the voltage difference divided by the distance. Electric field E is measured in volts per metre.
A positive electric field strength indicates that the field is directed away from a positive charge or towards a negative charge. It signifies the direction in which a positive test charge would move if placed in the electric field.
Do you mean the Convolution Integral?
Moving electric charges will interact with an electric field. Moving electric charges will also interact with a magnetic field.
mean dose x mass = integral dose
A magnetic field is a field of force produced (1) by moving electric charges, (2) by electric fields that vary in time, and (3) by the intrinsic magnetic field of elementary particles associated with the spin of the particle.
its working
I assume you mean, of the gravitational field? The gravitational field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. At a distance of 1 Earth radius, the distance from the center of the Earth is twice the distance at the Earth's surface; thus, the field strength is 1/4 what it is on the surface. If at the surface the field strength is about 9.8 meters per second square, divide that by 4 to get the field strength at a distance of one Earth radius from the surface.I assume you mean, of the gravitational field? The gravitational field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. At a distance of 1 Earth radius, the distance from the center of the Earth is twice the distance at the Earth's surface; thus, the field strength is 1/4 what it is on the surface. If at the surface the field strength is about 9.8 meters per second square, divide that by 4 to get the field strength at a distance of one Earth radius from the surface.I assume you mean, of the gravitational field? The gravitational field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. At a distance of 1 Earth radius, the distance from the center of the Earth is twice the distance at the Earth's surface; thus, the field strength is 1/4 what it is on the surface. If at the surface the field strength is about 9.8 meters per second square, divide that by 4 to get the field strength at a distance of one Earth radius from the surface.I assume you mean, of the gravitational field? The gravitational field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. At a distance of 1 Earth radius, the distance from the center of the Earth is twice the distance at the Earth's surface; thus, the field strength is 1/4 what it is on the surface. If at the surface the field strength is about 9.8 meters per second square, divide that by 4 to get the field strength at a distance of one Earth radius from the surface.
Permittivity is a measure of a material's ability to store electrical energy in an electric field. It is a property that describes how much a material can polarize in response to an applied electric field. It is typically denoted by the symbol ε.