by the objective lenses
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Magnification in microscopes is controlled by adjusting the focal length of the lenses. By changing the distance between the lenses or using lenses with different focal lengths, the magnification level can be adjusted. Additionally, some microscopes have different objective lenses with varying magnification powers that can be switched out to change the overall magnification.
Electron microscopes have higher magnification and resolution compared to light microscopes. Electron microscopes use electrons to create an image, allowing for much greater magnification and resolution due to the shorter wavelength of electrons compared to visible light used in light microscopes.
The scanning electron microscope (SEM) typically has the highest magnification among optical and electron microscopes, capable of magnifying up to 1,000,000x. This is considerably higher than the magnification achievable with light microscopes or transmission electron microscopes.
Electron microscopes have higher magnification and resolution compared to light microscopes. Electron microscopes use electrons instead of light to generate an image, allowing for much higher magnification due to the shorter wavelength of electrons compared to light. This results in electron microscopes being able to resolve smaller details in the sample compared to light microscopes.
The total magnification for STM microscopes typically ranges from 10,000x to 100,000x. This high magnification allows for detailed imaging of atomic and molecular structures on surfaces.
The range of magnification of most optical microscopes typically falls between 40x to 1000x, with some specialized microscopes capable of achieving higher magnifications.