There needs to be some more information here. It does not show the passage so not sure which piece of Thoreau's you are talking about.
The problem-and-solution organization used in this paragraph is the "cause and effect" type. It presents a problem and explains the resulting effects or consequences, followed by a proposed solution.
The room was a pool of black.A similie is where you say something is like something, a metaphor is where you say something is that thing (although we know it isn't, ha!) for greater effect for the reader.E.G of a simile and a metaphor and the differenceSIMILIE: The room is like a pool of blackMETAPHOR: The room is a pool of black
A metaphor creates a vivid comparison between two unrelated things, enhancing understanding and evoking emotions in the reader or listener. It can help simplify complex concepts, make language more engaging, and allow for deeper exploration of abstract ideas.
The antithesis effect is a literary device that involves contrasting ideas or words in a balanced or parallel structure within a sentence or paragraph. It creates emphasis and highlights the differences between the two contrasting elements to make a stronger impact on the reader.
A metaphor compares one thing to something else; it DOES NOT use the words, like or as.Example: Her hair is silk. Simple and straight, the effect of metaphors is that it aims to create imagery so that we may visualize the connection between two objects or things when they are not. Metaphors are just the use of direct comparison.
it rubs the steel because its friction!
A paragraph that relates one or more causes to one or more effects
No effect
No
The discrimination in paragraph 4 is vivid but compressed. How does Hughes achieve this effect?
The force of friction needs to touch an object to have an effect. Friction occurs when two surfaces are in contact and one surface resists the motion of the other surface. It is this resistance that allows friction to have an effect on objects in contact.
A paragraph that introduces a cause and then lists effects of the cause.
cause
yes
Friction slows down objects by in some capacity rubbing against them
yes
Metaphors emphasis, and they help the reader visualise better :)