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Odysseus proves his identity to the swineherd by showing him a scar on his thigh that he received while hunting as a young man. This scar was known only to a few people, so its presence helps convince the swineherd that Odysseus is indeed who he claims to be.
Odysseus convinces the swineherd that he is coming back by correctly describing the clothing he will wear upon his return, and by sharing personal details and memories that only he would know. He also tests the swineherd's loyalty and trust by revealing his true identity at the right moment.
Odysseus describes himself as "wily Odysseus" when he introduces himself to the Phaeacians. He emphasizes his intelligence and resourcefulness, traits that have helped him survive his long journey back from the Trojan War.
Spending time with the lotus eaters caused Odysseus' men to lose their desire to return home and sail away. They became complacent and indifferent to their mission, delaying their journey back to Ithaca. It took a great effort from Odysseus to get them back on track and focus on their goal.
Odysseus values his family and homeland most highly. Throughout his journey back to Ithaca, his primary motivation is to reunite with his wife, Penelope, and his son, Telemachus, and reclaim his kingdom.
Poseidon predicts that Odysseus's pride will lead him to face numerous obstacles and hardships during his journey back to Ithaca after the Trojan War.