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One of the most famous books written by Plato is "The Republic," where he discusses his views on justice, ethics, and the ideal society.
Justice is harmony of the soul: Plato believed that justice involves each part of the soul performing its proper function in balance and moderation. Justice promotes societal order: Plato argued that a just society is one where everyone fulfills their role according to their abilities, leading to a harmonious and well-ordered community. Justice as a virtue: Plato viewed justice as a cardinal virtue, important for both the individual and the state to achieve the highest form of the good.
Plato's views in The Republic were likely influenced by his teacher, Socrates, as well as by the political upheaval and corruption he witnessed in Athens. Additionally, his travels and exposure to different cultures may have shaped his ideas on justice, virtue, and the ideal society.
Socrates' teachings and the political environment of Athens are likely the most influential factors on Plato's views in "The Republic." Plato was a student of Socrates and was deeply impacted by his mentor's philosophy. Additionally, the political turmoil and corruption in Athens would have shaped Plato's ideas on justice, ethics, and governance.
Aristotle and Plato were both Greek philosophers from late antiquity. John Locke, however, was one of the foremost philosophers within England. The views of these three men were primarily based upon the natural world.