a fourteen-line poem using iambic pentameter and a specific rhyme scheme
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sonnet 18
The Red Wheelbarrow is not an English sonnet. It is, however, a poem, written by William Carlos Williams in the 20th century.
A couplet is a pair of lines in a poem which rhyme. In an English sonnet, only (the last two lines) form a couplet.
Sonnet 43 uses the typical rhyme scheme of the English sonnet, with the rhyme going abab cdcd efef gg.
English, of course. Shakespeare wrote in English.