There is a video to show you how to French knot cross stitch: see the related link below.
The slip knot it a class of knot that goes back before recorded history. A link is provided to the Wikipedia article on the slip knot.
This is a symmetric knot called the Atlantic Knot. There are sequential images, or a video, at the related links below.
"Nœud." Not sure how to pronounce that.
This depends on whether you are referring to ropework, embroidery, or a scarf - in ropework we have a French sinnet, a French shroud knot, French garland, and French masthead knot, to name only a few of the French knots, each with their own unique look; in embroidery, it has only one common meaning, a simple "button" made by pulling thread/yarn thru a couple loops to pull tight; for a scarf, it is simply 2 overhand knots with no unique look.
The Gordian knot of history was a complicated "Turk's Head Knot", tied with hundreds of strands of bark from the Cornel Tree. Over time, it shrank and hardened. See the links below for more information:
des noeuds papillon (something like butterfly-knot because of the shape)
The history of the knot reaches back to the beginning of humankind; it is not know where or by whom the first knot was understood. The knot was a seminal invention that allowed for combinatorial tools, clothing, water craft, and housing. It probably preceded the invention of shaped stone tools.
You can tie a knot between the old wold and the new wool, then as you work around the knot, push it into the interior of the cord so that it is invisible in the finished work.
The denouement, from the French - to untie (nouer- to tie),( from Latin - nodus-knot).
The homophone for "knot" is "not."
history = l'histoire