The slave owners so mean to slave because of their skin color that's why and they
thought they were different.
Also beating the slaves showed power and dominance over them. And beating slaves, and pushing them to their maximum efforts proved for them to be cheap and efficient. Another reason why a slave owner would be cruel to a slave would be to take out some anger or for hobby/sport, or for some other emotional to psychological reason.
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Slave owners were motivated by economic gain and the desire for control. They used violence and intimidation to maintain power and exploit the labor of their slaves for profit. The dehumanization of slaves was also used to justify and uphold the institution of slavery.
Many slave owners believed it was okay to keep slaves due to economic interests, social conditioning that normalized slavery, and beliefs in white supremacy. They often justified their actions by citing social norms, biblical interpretations, and the idea that enslaved individuals were inferior and needed to be controlled.
Slave huts on a plantation were used to house enslaved people who worked on the plantation. These huts provided basic shelter and minimal living conditions for the enslaved population, allowing plantation owners to control and exploit their labor.
Slaves were packed tightly on board ships to maximize profits for slave traders by fitting as many individuals as possible in a confined space. This inhumane and brutal treatment of slaves was a way to increase the number of slaves transported while minimizing costs for the traders.
Plantation owners had free time because they had slaves performing labor on the plantations, allowing them to delegate tasks and focus on other aspects of managing the estate. Additionally, plantation owners often had access to wealth and resources that enabled them to pursue leisure activities and social engagements.
Slave traders viewed slaves as property to be bought and sold for profit. Treating them as cargo was a way to maximize their own financial gain. The inhuman conditions on the Middle Passage were often justified by the mindset that slaves were expendable and replaceable.