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A diode is to electricity quite similar to what a "one way valve" is to water. The band on the diode indicates the flow - a bit like an arrow might on a water valve.

Some components - like resistors - can be put in either way around, but a diode is "polarised" - it has a cathode (-) end and an anode (+) end.

A good example of where you might use one would be in a simple battery charger for your car battery. A transformer will turn the household mains into around 15V, which will then go through a diode and you connect the side with the band on to the POSITIVE of the battery and the other wire from the transformer to the negative. This is a VERY crude charger but it would work fine for something like a car battery. You would need quite a chunky diode, capable of handling a few amps.

To conclude though - It has a band because it needs to be inserted into the circuit the right way around in almost every application. (If it is used to simply chop an AC signal, sometimes it doesn't matter which way it is inserted)

Google or Wikipedia will give lots more information if you are interested - and if you search for PIN diodes you can even see simple/crude designs for radar detectors.

The old "Cat's Whisker" galana crystal used in radio sets was in fact a very early form of diode made from lead (II) sulphide.

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Q: Why does a diode has a silver band on one end?
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