Because they needed more land, as they were growing cotton, which wears out soil really quickly. With the invention of the cotton gin, they could make much more, so they needed more slaves and more plants, and therefore more land.
ALSO: so they could keep enough strength in the senate to protect southern interests
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the admission of kansas into the union
The south was based off of farming. They had a small scale of land and a low population. They wanted to reach new territories to help promote slavery and farming.
It didn't expand west. The Kansas Nebraska Act made sure that it didn't go further. California came into the union in 1850 a free state. There never was slavery in the western states.
The whigs from the North were known as Conscience Whigs and those of the South were known as Cotton Whigs. The ones in the north opposed slavery except for the factory owners, which liked slavery die to the cheap cotton. the Southern Whigs supported slavery and wished to expand it into the territories.
The topic of the Lincoln-Douglas debates mostly concerned the extension of slavery into the US territories. Douglas believed that the territories should decide for themselves whether or not they wished to have slavery. He felt that power should reside at the local level and should reflect the wishes of the people. Lincoln stated, "A house divided against itself cannot stand." Lincoln believed that slavery must be dealt with as a moral wrong and that only the power of the federal government could extinguish slavery.