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While Adam Haymaker (circa 1750) certainly was a noted gunmaker, he certainly was NOT the first to make the Pennsylvania longrifle. Tax records from Lancaster County Pa. clearly indicate that the German immigrant gunmakers that arrived in Philadelphia as early as the 1620's, were producing longrifles in three major areas of southeast Pa. in the late 1600's. There were the Lehigh Valley gunmakers, the Reading-Womelsdorf gunmakers, and the Lancaster county gunmakers. The Martin Meylin gunshop still stands today on Willow Street. A Martin Meylin gun was found dated 1704. This information can be found in the books of Shumway, and from Millersville University.Some historians have written that the role of Martin Meylin as one of the earliest gunsmiths in Lancaster is not clear. The argument is that the will of Martin Meylin, Sr. makes no mention of gunsmith items while the will of Martin Meylin, Jr. is replete with gunsmith items, and thus the reference to Meylin as a gunsmith is more properly placed on the son. Robert Baker invented the Pennsylvania long rifle not Meylin.

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Q: Who made the Pennsylvania long rifle?
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Who made the Pennsylvania rifle?

Several smiths in several different areas made the rifle known as the Pennsylvania or Kentucky long rifle. However, ONE candidate for the first smith was Adam Haymaker, who operated his shop in the Northern end of the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, and was producing them by about 1750. The development and manufacture of the long rifle seems to match up to the patterns of settlement by German and Moravian settlers, who brought their smithing skills from Europe to the US.


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The Kentucky Long-Rifle is known alternatively as the Pennsylvania Long-Rifle, and the American Long-Rifle. Being from the Commonwealth of Kentucly the author of this answer asserts that Kentucky Long-Rifle is the one and true proper name. Now, as to the meat of the question. This long pattern of rifle first appeared in Pennsylvania as a product of German immigrants to the American Colonies. Due to its capabilities the gun rapidly proliferated from there. This type of firearm came to be known as the 'Kentucky Long-Rifle' in later years for a number of reasons. The most important of which would be that in colonial times the men of Kentucky had a reputation not only as hunters; but as Sharpshooters wielding this distinctive family of long-rifles.


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