An intermediate case between formal slavery and criminal law is when a convict is ... Brand marks have also been used as a punishment for convicted criminals.
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The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1865, abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. This exception technically allows for individuals convicted of crimes to be used as labor while incarcerated.
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 allowed for the capture and return of escaped slaves, treating them as criminals. This law required free states to assist in the capture and return of escaped slaves, leading to the forced labor of individuals who were seeking freedom.
Slave codes were laws enacted in the Southern United States to regulate the institution of slavery. These codes established strict control over enslaved people by limiting their freedoms, mobility, and rights. They were used to reinforce the authority of slave owners and to maintain the social, economic, and political power dynamics of the time.
Laws known as Black Codes were implemented in the United States to restrict the rights and opportunities of newly freed slaves after the Civil War. These laws limited the ability of former slaves to own property, conduct business, and move freely, thereby undermining their economic opportunities and reinforcing social inequality. The Black Codes were later replaced by Jim Crow laws that further segregated and discriminated against African Americans.
Slave owners maintained control of their slaves through physical and psychological means, such as punishment, surveillance, and manipulation. They used violence, threats, and fear to assert authority over the slaves and ensure compliance with their demands. Additionally, strict laws and restrictions were put in place to limit the slaves' ability to resist or escape.
Slaves were used to round up citizens as a means of control and coercion during times of rebellion or unrest. By using slaves who were loyal to the rulers, authorities could ensure compliance from citizens through fear and intimidation. Additionally, the use of slaves in this manner diminished the risk of rebellion or disobedience.