It depends on what you qualify as 3D, and whether you are talking strictly console games or computer games as well. Earlier "3D" Video Games were actually Isometric, which is more of a "2.5D". The first truly 3D console video game, complete with polygonal characters as opposed to 2D sprites on a 3D background was probably released around 1995/1996
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Houstin D. Richmond what only 7 years old when he decided that video games where boring. So as he got older he decided to put a twist on the fun.
Hironobu Sakaguchi invented the first 3D video game. The game was called Final Fantasy and was released in December 1987.
Most people would say that the first 3-D game was Battlezone, which was originally released in 1980. Battlezone used a 3-D wireframe environment.