The issue of expansion of slavery was its expansion and growth into Western territories.
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Territorial expansion raised the question of whether new lands should be free or slave.
It made the issue even more prevalent. People had the decision to make a state free or a slave state.
The driving event was the westward expansion of U.S. territory, esp. in connection with the Mexican War (the product of the annexation of Texas). How the territories were to be organized - whether open to slavery or not - became a burning issue. The territorial issue was intensified at the end of the decade, by California's growth (aided immensely by the Gold Rush) and the issue of building a transcontinental railroad through the territories to link east & west.
During the 19th century, the main issue of territorial expansion was slavery. Northerners didn't want slavery to extend into the western regions, while the south did. It was basically the issue of Missouri (Missouri Compromise) all over again, but with soooooo much more territory to deal with. This growing sectionalism between the north and the south would later tear the nation apart, in what is known as the Civil War.
Abraham Lincoln did not believe that he needed to compromise with the South on the issue of expansion of slavery in the Territories. He thought that the Southern States were bluffing and would not leave the Union.