The .45 Long Colt is similar enough to the .410 shotshell that it is interchangeable in the Thompson Center Arms Contender family of handguns/rifles. This is the only firearm that I have personally owned that was specifically designed for this interchangability. If you have a .410 shotgun of any make or model, you should consult the owner's manual or contact the manufacturer (if possible) before firing .45 Long Colt ammunition it. The shotgun may have a choke (fixed or removable) that could obstruct the passage of the .45 caliber bullet through the bore as it is fired; resulting in damage to the firearm, or the shooter. This goes back to one of the fundamental rules of firearms safety- never fire ammunition in a firearm for which the firearm was never designed to fire.
None safely. It is a shotgun. Rifles operate a MUCH higher pressure. What you descibe will very likely kill you when the gun explodes. REALLY bad idea.
The Mausers rifles, such as the Kar98K, fire this round.
Fire one round and adjust sites to that impact
I will start with the fact that you have a shotgun,not a rifle.The 410 is a shotgun round,not a rifle.Next we will need the western fields model number to identify the maker of your Montgomery Wards shotgun and then can describe what type it is.Chances are if you feel that it was a rifle,you could have a bolt action shotgun chambered in 410 gauge.
Fire one round, note strike, adjust sight to that point, fire again, repeat.
Both fire the same diameter projectile.
No, a .30 caliber round cannot safely fire in a .30 Carbine rifle. The .30 Carbine cartridge is a specific round designed for that rifle, while other .30 caliber rounds (like .30-06 or .308 Winchester) have different dimensions and pressure characteristics. Attempting to fire an incompatible round can lead to dangerous malfunctions or damage to the firearm. Always use the correct ammunition specified for your firearm.
No such thing.
It is a shotgun
It is a SHOTGUN
NO NO NO. Please don't ever try to fire rifle ammo from a shotgun!
Need more information. I can find no reference to a Mossberg Model "410" rifle. Is it perhaps a .410 bore shotgun? Please describe your firearm more fully.