As of November 4th 2013 there are 9 countries that possess nuclear weapons -- United States, Russia, France, United Kingdom, China, Pakistan, India, Israel, and North Korea. Depending on one's definition there are between 193 and 250 countries currently, which means approximately 3.7 to 4.7% have nuclear weapons.
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In the early 1960s, the U.S. was the world's dominant industrial power accounting for about 40.3 percent of world manufacturing output. By 2005 the United States accounted for only 20.1 percent
The first nuclear bomb was created by the United States in 1945. No one person invented it. It was developed under a secret effort named the Manhattan Project. The project was under the direction of a theoretical physicist named Robert Oppenheimer but Enrico Fermi and several other of the nation's top physicists lent their knowledge and ingenuity to the project. He is noted for saying when he saw the first nuclear explosion, words from the Bhagavad Gita came into his mind. "Now, I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds," .
This is largely a matter of opinion as 'most powerful' is not easy to define. The following list is at least an approximation to a valid answer. People may argue over the relative status of these nations.The United States of America: The world's biggest economy and by far in terms of spending and power the worlds strongest army.Russian Federation: The second largest army. The largest European population, and largest world area, which gives it immense control over itself, and immense levels of independence . The size of Russia helps give it extra resources and abilities that make it such a big power.Peoples Republic of China: China has the largest standing army of any nation in the world, however the technology other nations bring to bear may occlude China's size.France: The fifth republic has UN security council membership, is a nuclear power and has alot of influence over Africa.The United Kingdom: UN security council status, nuclear weapons, and vast experience serving in nearly every nation (and certainly on ever continent) of the world.In terms of nuclear weapons, Russia has the the largest stockpile, (more than all the other nation's nuclear weapons combined), with the US having the second largest arsenal, but the most technologically advanced (more bang for the buck).
After World War II there was a shift from isolationism to internationalism. The United States and most of the world looked to the principle of collective security to keep international peace. The United States took the lead in creating the United Nations in 1945. The principle of deterrence has been a basic part of American foreign policy since World War II. Toward the end of World War II, the United States had hoped to work with its wartime ally the Soviet Union, through the UN, to build international cooperation and to keep the peace in the postwar world. What was the cold war
Russia