No. Yes they do: Marlin 917VS rifle
There are several different .17 caliber catridges- some rimfire, some centerfire.
Several makers have made .17 centerfire rifles. In addition to a number of "wildcat" cartridges, the Remington .17 CF was placed in production over 30 years ago.
There are any number of things NOT found in a centerfire rifle cartridge. However, what WILL be found is a centerfire primer, a cartridge case, powder and bullet.
centerfire merly means that the bullet is fired via a primer seated in the rear middle of a cartridge. that differs from a muzzel loading firarm which requires the charge to be set off with a nipple cap as apposed to a center fire primer.........
Don't know if it's made anymore, but it would probably be the .17/44 - a .17 projectile in a necked down .44 Magnum casing.
An autoloading centerfire rifle made from 1960-1980
No. The terms "rimfire" & "centerfire" should self-explain. On rimfire the priming compound is in the rim of the cartridge and on centerfire the primer with the priming compound is in the center of the cartridge.
There are 22 caliber centerfire cartridges such as the .22 Hornet and others, but ordinary 22 cartridges (short, long, long rifle) are rimfire.
Not without some adapter device.
Slightly less than 3 miles.
In this order; centerfire rifle, shotgun, handguns.