:Bolsheviks wanted the government of Russia should be disciplined. : Mensheviks wanted the party should be open to all
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The Mensheviks and Bolsheviks were the main factions in the soviet councils and the main factions involved in the March 1917 overthrow of the czar. The Mensheviks established the Provisional Government which the Bolsheviks wrested power from in the November Revolution.
The Bolsheviks main opponents were called the Mensheviks.
The Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
The main difference between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks is the fact that the Mensheviks were more "Orthodox" Marxists, meaning that they believed in a slow, gradual transition from Capitalism into Communism. The Mensheviks believed that before there should be a Proletariat revolution, there must be a Bourgeois revolution, where Capitalism is the main socioeconomic system. Later, there would be a workers' revolution, which would usher in Socialism, and slowly the Socialist government would loosen its control over the means of production and the state would wither away into a Communist system. The Bolsheviks believed basically the same thing, but wanted to move through the Capitalist phase as quickly as possible, arriving at a Socialist state as soon as they could.
The Bolsheviks and Mensheviks were the two revolutionary parties that wanted to overthrow the government in 1905. One could also say the two parties were the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party (RSDWP) and the Socialist Revolutionaries (also known as the SRs). In 1905, the Mensheviks and Bolsheviks still had not yet formally separated. They were two factions of the RSDWP. To be sure, as the first answer states, the two factions were seen almost as two separate and distinct parties but in 1905 they still only two factions in the same party.
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Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and Stalin among many others, for the Bolsheviks which was the October revolution, or November depending on which Russian calendar is used. Alexander Kerensky, among others, for the Provisional Government. Tsar Nicholas II was not part of this revolution at all since he had been put out of power eight months earlier in the first part of the Russian Revolution, the February Revolution.
Just about everyone did. The Left Social Revolutionaries were supportive for a while and participated in government with them but eventually they wound up being traitors essentially. The main group within Russia that fought against the Bolsheviks however was the Tsarists, they were supported by the Right SRs and the Mensheviks. They were all soon supported militarily by over a dozen other countries like the US, UK and France. After the Left SRs left them, the Bolsheviks were left by themselves.
There is no difference.
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There were several Russian socialist parties in 1918. The main one was the Bolshevik Party, which renamed itself the Communist Party in March. There was also the Mensheviks, who were the remnants of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party after the Bolsheviks left that party. There also was a party named the Social Revolutionaries. Note that even though the Bolsheviks called themselves Communist, they were actually imposing a socialist, not a communist form of government at that time.