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What are the four bases contained in deoxyribonucleic acid DNA?
dATP, dTTP, dGTP, dCTP
What in DNA only the what varies from one nucleotide to another?
Base
Explain what DNA polymerase is by breaking the word into its parts?
DNA polymerase consists of two parts - "DNA" which stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic information, and "polymerase" which refers to the enzyme that helps to build DNA by assembling nucleotides in the correct sequence during DNA replication. In summary, DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides in a complementary manner to an existing DNA template strand.
What are subunits making up nucleic acid?
Nucleic acids are made up of smaller units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (ribose or deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, or uracil). These nucleotides join together through phosphodiester bonds to form the backbone of DNA and RNA molecules.
Which molecule or reaction supplies the energy for polymerization of nucleotides in the process of transcription?
The energy required for DNA replication or polymerization is derived from hydrolysis of the 5'- triphosphate group of a free dNTP.dNTP stands for all four tri phospate nulceotides such as dATP, dCTP, dTTP, dGTP as they are the building blocks of the DNA molecule. These nucleotides are added to the 3'- hydroxyl group of the growing chain in complementary to template strand.ATP on the other hand is not involved in DNA synthesis as it is not deoxyribonucleotide, and NTPs (ATP,GTP,UTP,CTP) are the components of RNA.
What is the difference between the nucleotides of DNA and those of RNA?
A nucleotide is made of 3 parts: Sugar, Phosphate group and Base RNA and DNA have different sugars and different bases. 1. Sugar DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid has the sugar deoxyribose RNA - Ribonucleic acid has the sugar ribose In RNA, the sugar has an extra oxygen. In DNA, the oxygen is not there. 2. Bases DNA has Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine. A pairs with T and C pairs with G. In RNA, Uracil replaces Thymine. So A pairs with U and C still pairs with G. more here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rna#Comparison_with_DNA DNA nucleotides: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:DNA_chemical_structure.svg RNA nucleotide: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:RNA_chemical_structure.GIF
What nucleotide is present in RNA but not in DNA?
deoxythymidinetriphosphate (dTTP) is the nucleotide in DNA that is not present in RNA. The corresponding base is thymine (T). RNA contains the nucleotide uridinetriphosphate (UTP) instead. In their incorporated forms, the will be in the monophosphate state.Note: Someone previously changed this to read "Deoxythymine is the nucleotide in DNA that is not present in RNA. The corresponding Rna base is Uracil." While they had good intentions, this represents several common errors in molecular Biology. "Deoxythymine" does not exist as a nucleotide (or anything at all for that matter). The nucleoside is called deoxythymidine. If a nucleoside such as deoxythymidine is paired with one or more phosphate groups, it is then a nucleotide.
Describe the biological functions of dUTPase?
The conversion of dUTP to dUMP and PPi occurs by dUTPase activity. This conversion helps the cells to maintain a low dUTP:dTTP ratio as well as providing a substrate (dUMP) for thymidylate synthase. If the ratio is higher, the probability of misincorporation of uracil into DNA increases. Uracil-containing DNA serves as a substrate for UNG. In non-dividing cells, dUTPase levels are lower and would result in an elevated dUTP:dTTP ratio.
