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Empirical equations used in a turbulent flow system?
there are many empirical constellations in turbulent flow depending upon the conditions like whether flow is internal or external, flow over a flat plate of pipe etc. so its better to refer a book on fluid mechanics.
What is turbulent viscocity?
Turbulent viscosity is a value which is assumed to be equal in all directions. It is the same as Eddy Viscosity This is a measure of a fluid which is being deformed by stress. The fact that it is turbulent just means it is changing so the internal friction or viscosity is changing constantly and this is why it is called turbulent. the internal friction is the friction within the object hence the term internal however this friction derives from the force of the fluid acting on the object. E.G if air is your fluid surrounding the object and the object is experiencing a change in the velocity of the air it will be exposed to a different amount of stress and will therefore have a different value for internal friction.
What is the difference between hydraulic motors and pumps?
A hydraulic pump uses an external mechanical force to pressurize the hydraulic fluid. A hydraulic motor uses the pressurized hydraulic fluid to apply a mechanical force an external machine. See the difference between a pump and a motor.
Capacity of pipe?
In order to calculate the internal capacity of a pipe use the formula pi x internal radius x internal radius x length of pipe where pi = 3. 142. This is the volume of a cylinder; pipe capacity is usually amount of flow per unit of time under given conditions of internal roughness, and viscosity of the flowing fluid with a given pressure loss per length unit
What are some similarirtes between hydraulic and pneumatic systems?
They are both pressurized fluid systems. They both use pumps to pressurize the fluid. They both use piping to contain the fluid, and they both drive motors and cylinders.
