Mainly weight
.22 Long Rifle is a longer cartridge.
The length- short, then long, then long rifle- also the power. Long rifle usually has a heavier bullet.
22 Short, Long and Long Rifle differ in the case length and/or amount of powder/bullet weight.
22 caliber is the diameter of the bullet. 22 cal. comes in BBcap, short, long and long rifle
The overall length of a .22 Long cartridge is .888 inches, whereas the overall length of the .22 Long Rifle is 1 inch.
The 22 Long Rifle has different size cartridges, But the 22 Hornet has pictures of deer killed with it. The 22 Hornet is a lot more powerful than the 22 Long Rifle. They both have different grain.
A 22 caliber rifle is a firearm and a BB gun is an air gun (Not a firearm) Now if you are asking about a .22 caliber air gun then the difference is in the size of the projectile. A BB is a hard round .175 caliber ball. The .22 caliber is a larger size pellet.
22 long is a type of 22 rimfire. Others are CB, short, long rifle and a few others .
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Most use .22 Long Rifle cartridges. Howver, some built for the US Military used a .22 Hornet centerfire, which fired a jacketed softpoint bullet. This was large enough to be used to shoot deer and similar animals in a survival setting.
Normal effective range is 50 yds, maxing out at 100 yards. The 22LR bullet CAN travel about 1.5 miles. but with no accuracy.
The model 100 is a .177 caliber air rifle. The model 101 is a .22 Caliber rifle. Basically the same air rifle just different calibers.