Written discourse
Written discourse includes some medium to keep record of the message. It can be edited to achieved grammar-free sentences. Audience is not known. Text cannot be adjusted to individual reader. No immediate response from the readers for clarification: organization is crucial. Paragraphs, layouts are important to enhance understanding. Extra feature : tables,formulas, charts and graphics to add meaning.
Spoken discourse
Involves air. Speed of speech can be adjusted. Repetition is possible. Spontaneous : mistakes,repetition, less coherent (logically connected) sentences. Grunts - sound,mumble,murmur. Stutters - stammer,hesitate. Pauses-all might contribute to meaning making. Speaker knows listener. Face-to-face. Extralinguistic signals: grimaces/expressions,gestures. Expressions: 'here','now' or 'this'.Contractions : I'm.. slang. Rhythm. Intonation.
A stial of a story A text genre is a type of written or spoken discourse.
*Narration *Description *Exposition *Argumentation
Vernacular is the common, spoken English as opposed to more formal, written English.
Beowulf was intended to be spoken aloud while Grendel was meant to be read in a book.
Discourse analysis blends linguistics with sociology and psychology to look beyond the precise content of the written or spoken word to understand its broader societal implications. Analysts will assess the types of topics being discussed and how the issues are framed in a discussion. Some topical areas, like political discourse, are the subject of intense study. Key insights into the issues impacting a region or culture are gleaned from discourse analysis.
The two main types of discourse are spoken discourse and written discourse. Spoken discourse refers to communication that occurs through spoken language, often characterized by its immediacy and interaction, such as conversations and speeches. Written discourse involves communication through written text, which can be more structured and formal, including essays, articles, and books. Each type serves different purposes and contexts in conveying information and ideas.
Oral is spoken and written is read
Pekka Hirvonen has written: 'Direct and indirect speech in spoken and written story-telling in English' -- subject(s): Discourse analysis, English language, Indirect discourse, Monologue, Spoken English, Storytelling
Verbal communication is spoken, written is performed by writing or typing.
A stial of a story A text genre is a type of written or spoken discourse.
Saliva Mohamed Farag has written: 'A linguistic analysis of spoken and written narrative discourse'
"Text" is written material. We discuss the text when we study a novel, drama, or short story. You might even call a letter to someone a text. "Discourse" can mean spoken conversation or a written discussion of a single topic.
*Narration *Description *Exposition *Argumentation
Dagmar Barth-Weingarten has written: 'Concession in spoken English' -- subject(s): Concessive clauses, Discourse analysis, English language, Pragmatics, Spoken English
The analogy for discourse is that it is like a conversation or dialogue between people. Just as conversations involve sharing ideas, opinions, and information, discourse involves the exchange of these elements through written or spoken communication. In both cases, the goal is often to foster understanding, reach a common ground, or explore different perspectives.
Oral discourse - "well" or "so" - like you would when you are just about to tell a story. Written discourse - "however" or "on the other hand" - shows digression from one topic to another.
Vernacular is the common, spoken English as opposed to more formal, written English.