Written discourse
Written discourse includes some medium to keep record of the message. It can be edited to achieved grammar-free sentences. Audience is not known. Text cannot be adjusted to individual reader. No immediate response from the readers for clarification: organization is crucial. Paragraphs, layouts are important to enhance understanding. Extra feature : tables,formulas, charts and graphics to add meaning.
Spoken discourse
Involves air. Speed of speech can be adjusted. Repetition is possible. Spontaneous : mistakes,repetition, less coherent (logically connected) sentences. Grunts - sound,mumble,murmur. Stutters - stammer,hesitate. Pauses-all might contribute to meaning making. Speaker knows listener. Face-to-face. Extralinguistic signals: grimaces/expressions,gestures. Expressions: 'here','now' or 'this'.Contractions : I'm.. slang. Rhythm. Intonation.
A stial of a story A text genre is a type of written or spoken discourse.
*Narration *Description *Exposition *Argumentation
Vernacular is the common, spoken English as opposed to more formal, written English.
Beowulf was intended to be spoken aloud while Grendel was meant to be read in a book.
Discourse analysis blends linguistics with sociology and psychology to look beyond the precise content of the written or spoken word to understand its broader societal implications. Analysts will assess the types of topics being discussed and how the issues are framed in a discussion. Some topical areas, like political discourse, are the subject of intense study. Key insights into the issues impacting a region or culture are gleaned from discourse analysis.
Oral is spoken and written is read
Pekka Hirvonen has written: 'Direct and indirect speech in spoken and written story-telling in English' -- subject(s): Discourse analysis, English language, Indirect discourse, Monologue, Spoken English, Storytelling
A stial of a story A text genre is a type of written or spoken discourse.
Text refers to written or spoken language with a specific structure and content, while discourse involves the broader context in which texts are created and interpreted, including the social, cultural, and historical factors that shape meaning. Discourse helps to understand the larger implications and influences on text, such as power dynamics, ideologies, and societal norms.
Saliva Mohamed Farag has written: 'A linguistic analysis of spoken and written narrative discourse'
Verbal communication is spoken, written is performed by writing or typing.
*Narration *Description *Exposition *Argumentation
The analogy for discourse is that it is like a conversation or dialogue between people. Just as conversations involve sharing ideas, opinions, and information, discourse involves the exchange of these elements through written or spoken communication. In both cases, the goal is often to foster understanding, reach a common ground, or explore different perspectives.
Dagmar Barth-Weingarten has written: 'Concession in spoken English' -- subject(s): Concessive clauses, Discourse analysis, English language, Pragmatics, Spoken English
English language refers to the system of communication using English words, grammar, and syntax. On the other hand, English spoken refers to the act of physically vocalizing English words and communicating verbally. So, English language is the broader concept encompassing all aspects of the language, while English spoken specifically refers to the act of speaking it.
Vernacular is the common, spoken English as opposed to more formal, written English.
Historical discourse refers to the way historical events, facts, and narratives are discussed and analyzed in written or spoken form. It involves examining the past, interpreting sources, and constructing arguments to make sense of history. Historical discourse can shape our understanding of the past and influence how we perceive the present.