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temperate refers to the life cycle some phages are able to perform. A temperate phage can integrate its genome into its host bacterium's chromosome, becoming a lysogen known as a prophage. A temperate phage is also able to undergo lytic life cycles, where the prophage is expressed, replicates the phage genome and produces phage progeny and the progeny phage leave the bacterium.
The virulent phages have only lytic lifecycles and thus infection results in the host cell's death (due to lytic cell destruction-the phage replicates itself and then bursts the cell, releasing many copies).
So they are both the same in that they both require a host cell to reproduce. They both can have lytic lifecycles but only the temperate phage can "hitch a ride" in the host cell by integrating into the genome.
A virulent phage is a bacteriophage that undergoes a lytic cycle, resulting in the destruction of the host bacterium. On the other hand, a prophage is a viral genome that has integrated into the host bacterial genome and can remain dormant until it is induced to enter the lytic cycle.
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What is the phage DNA that is integrated into a host cell's chromosome is called a?
Phage DNA that is integrated into a host's cell chromosome is a bacteriophage. They behave as lytic or lysogenic. Lytic breaks open the host after replication, , lysogenic does not destroy the host.
What is temperate phage superinfection immunity?
Temperate phage superinfection immunity is a phenomenon where a cell harboring a lysogenic phage becomes immune to subsequent infection by the same or a related phage due to the presence of the resident prophage. This immunity is conferred by the repressor protein produced by the resident prophage, which prevents the incoming phage from entering lytic cycle and instead integrates into the host genome as a prophage.
When the bacteriophage DNA becomes part of the bacterial chromosome?
When bacteriophage DNA becomes integrated into the bacterial chromosome, it is known as lysogeny. The integrated phage DNA is called a prophage. During lysogeny, the bacteriophage DNA remains dormant, replicating along with the bacterial chromosome. Under certain conditions, such as stress, the prophage can become activated and enter the lytic cycle, leading to viral replication and cell lysis.
What is a prophage-?
A prophage is a phage genome that is integrated into the DNA of a bacterial host and replicates along with the host's DNA. It remains dormant within the host cell until it is triggered to enter the lytic cycle, where it replicates and eventually lyses the host cell.
Generalized transduction differs from specialized transduction in that generalized transduction?
Generalized transduction can transfer any bacterial gene, while specialized transduction transfers only specific genes located near the integrated prophage site. Generalized transduction is caused by a lytic phage, while specialized transduction is caused by a lysogenic phage reactivating and entering the lytic cycle.
What is the difference between a virulent phage and a temperate phage?
A virulent phage only follows the lytic lifecycle, where it infects the host cell, replicates, and then lyses the cell to release new phages. In contrast, a temperate phage can follow both the lytic and lysogenic lifecycle. In the lysogenic cycle, the temperate phage integrates its DNA into the host genome, replicating as part of the host cell's DNA without causing immediate cell lysis.
What type of phage enters an inactive prophage stage?
A temperate phage is a type of phage that can enter an inactive prophage stage by integrating its DNA into the host cell's genome. In this stage, the prophage replicates along with the host cell's DNA and can be passed on to daughter cells during cell division.
What is the phage DNA that is integrated into a host cell's chromosome is called a?
Phage DNA that is integrated into a host's cell chromosome is a bacteriophage. They behave as lytic or lysogenic. Lytic breaks open the host after replication, , lysogenic does not destroy the host.
What is temperate phage superinfection immunity?
Temperate phage superinfection immunity is a phenomenon where a cell harboring a lysogenic phage becomes immune to subsequent infection by the same or a related phage due to the presence of the resident prophage. This immunity is conferred by the repressor protein produced by the resident prophage, which prevents the incoming phage from entering lytic cycle and instead integrates into the host genome as a prophage.
The development of virulent toxin producing bacterial strains due to the presence of a temperate phage can occur in?
specialized transduction
When the bacteriophage DNA becomes part of the bacterial chromosome?
When bacteriophage DNA becomes integrated into the bacterial chromosome, it is known as lysogeny. The integrated phage DNA is called a prophage. During lysogeny, the bacteriophage DNA remains dormant, replicating along with the bacterial chromosome. Under certain conditions, such as stress, the prophage can become activated and enter the lytic cycle, leading to viral replication and cell lysis.
What is a harmless bacteriophage?
A harmless bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria but does not cause harm to humans or animals. These phages can be used therapeutically to target specific bacterial infections without affecting beneficial bacteria in the body.
What is the difference between a bacteriaiophage and a prophage?
A bacteriophage is a completely assembled virus capable of landing on a bacterium and injecting it's genetic material in lysis, or a lysogenic attack. A provirus is a virus that has incorporated it's genetic material into the genetic material of the host for continual replication, thus, " before " the phage. This is the lysogenic phase of viral attack.
What is a prophage-?
A prophage is a phage genome that is integrated into the DNA of a bacterial host and replicates along with the host's DNA. It remains dormant within the host cell until it is triggered to enter the lytic cycle, where it replicates and eventually lyses the host cell.
Generalized transduction differs from specialized transduction in that generalized transduction?
Generalized transduction can transfer any bacterial gene, while specialized transduction transfers only specific genes located near the integrated prophage site. Generalized transduction is caused by a lytic phage, while specialized transduction is caused by a lysogenic phage reactivating and entering the lytic cycle.
What are temperate phages?
Temperate phages are bacteriophages that can follow two replication pathways: lytic and lysogenic. In the lytic cycle, they infect a bacterial host and replicate rapidly, causing cell lysis. In the lysogenic cycle, they integrate their DNA into the host genome, replicating along with the host without causing immediate cell lysis.
What happens first when a phage infects a bacterial cell and is going to enter a lysogenic cycle?
Upon infecting a bacterial cell, the phage attaches to the cell surface and injects its genetic material into the cell. The phage genome then integrates into the bacterial chromosome, forming a prophage, a key step in transitioning to the lysogenic cycle.
