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Early Earth's atmosphere was primarily made up of gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and ammonia, lacking significant levels of oxygen. Today's atmosphere is mostly nitrogen and oxygen, with trace amounts of other gases. The presence of oxygen in today's atmosphere is a key difference from the early Earth.
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Geologists use evidence such as GPS measurements showing plate motion, the distribution of earthquake epicenters along plate boundaries, the alignment of magnetic minerals in rocks that match reversal patterns of the Earth's magnetic field, and the distribution of fossils on different continents to support the idea of plate tectonics and the movement of plates.
The name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago is Pangaea.
Todays coal was formed millions of years ago. Sum of the earliest coal deposits formed only about 1 million years ago whereas the old deposits are from 300 million years ago. Coal is formed where plant life has died and then eventually sink to the bottom of swampy areas or the water level has risen and covered the dead plant life. Over time as the amount of dead plant life accumulates at the bottom of the swampy area it turns into a dense soggy material known as peat then as the land changed and the pressure upon the peat built due to deeper burial, sandstone and sedimentary rocks that may have formed due to the changing land, the water in the peat is squeezed out and when heat is added from the earths core, the peat is turned into coal.
The core reason for today's environmental problems is human activities that cause pollution, deforestation, overconsumption of resources, and the release of greenhouse gases. These activities contribute to climate change, loss of biodiversity, and other environmental challenges that threaten the health of ecosystems and human well-being.