Fused alumina is made in electric arc furnaces by passing a current between vertical carbon electrodes. The heat generated melts the alumina. The furnace consists of a water cooled steel shell and 3-20 tonne batches of material are fused at any one time. The fused alumina has a high density, low porosity, low permeability and high refractoriness. As a result these characteristics, it is used in the manufacture of abrasives and refractories.
Calcined AluminaIf aluminium hydroxide is heated to a temperature in excess of 1100ºC, then it passes through the transition phases of alumina referred to above.
The final product, if a high enough temperature is used, is α-alumina. The manufacturing process is commercially undertaken in long rotary kilns. Mineralisers are frequently added to catalyse the reaction and bring down the temperature at which the α-alumina phase forms; fluoride salts are the most commonly used mineralisers.
These calcined alumina products are used in a wide range of ceramic and refractory applications. The main impurity present is sodium oxide. Various grades are produced which differ in crystallite size, morphology and chemical impurities.
The calcined grades are often sub-divided into ordinary soda, medium soda (soda level 0.15-0.25% wt%) and low soda alumina
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Tabular alumina is a crystalline form of aluminum oxide that is produced by sintering alumina powder at high temperatures, resulting in a high-purity, dense material with a unique tabular shape. Fused alumina, on the other hand, is produced by melting alumina in electric arc furnaces and then cooling and solidifying it into various shapes and sizes. Fused alumina tends to have higher hardness and toughness compared to tabular alumina, making it suitable for abrasive applications.
Aluminum oxide, also known as alumina, is a chemical compound of aluminum and oxygen. Fused aluminum oxide or fused alumina is a synthetic abrasive material commonly used for sandblasting, grinding, and polishing due to its hardness and wear-resistant properties. This material is produced by melting aluminum oxide at high temperatures and then cooling it to form a crystalline structure suitable for various abrasive applications.
Anhydrous calcium chloride is the anhydrous, or water-free, form of calcium chloride, typically in the solid state. Fused calcium chloride, on the other hand, is the result of heating and melting anhydrous calcium chloride to form a fused liquid. Fused calcium chloride is often used in industrial applications where a liquid form is required, while anhydrous calcium chloride is more commonly used in laboratory and chemical processes.
When the nuclei of hydrogen and lithium are fused together, helium is produced.
Fluorine is the halogen that can only be prepared from its fused compounds due to its high reactivity and the difficulty in isolating it from other compounds.
Trans decalin and cis decalin are both cyclic hydrocarbons with two fused rings. The main difference lies in the orientation of the rings. In trans decalin, the two rings are on opposite sides of the molecule, while in cis decalin, they are on the same side. This difference in orientation affects the overall shape and stability of the molecules. Trans decalin is more stable and less strained than cis decalin, which can lead to differences in their physical and chemical properties.