1. Step index fiber is of two types viz; mono mode fiber and multi mode fiber.
Graded index fiber is of only of one type that is multi mode fiber.
2. The refractive index of the core of the step index fiber is constant through out the core.
The refractive index of the core of the graded index fiber is maximum at the center of the core and then it decreases towards core-cladding interface.
3. Number of modes for step index fiber N = V2/2, where V is cut off frequency or normalized frequency or V- number
Number of modes for graded index fiber is N = V2/ 4.
4. V number can be less that 2.405 or more that 2.405 for step index fiber
V number is always more than 2.405 for graded index fiber.
5. Step Index Fiber is a fiber in which the core is of a uniform refractive index and there is a sharp decrease in the index of refraction at the cladding.
Graded Index Fiber is a type of fiber where the refractive index of the core is lower toward the outside of the fiber. It bends the rays inward and also allows them to travel faster in the lower index of refraction region. This type of fiber provides high bandwidth capabilities.
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WDM wavelength division multiplexing
Optical fiber carries signals through light, and therefore at light speed, the fastest possible, and gets less hot. Copper wire transmits information using electricity, which although fast, is not nearly as fast as light. Fiber optics allows faster transmission of data.
SR (Short hul) is a multimode fiber while LR (Long hul) is a single mode fiber, the SR spans much shorter distance than the LR
If the fiber tract connects the cerebral cortex and the lower brain or spinal cord then it is referred to as a projection tract.
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