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What is the difference between shaping and operant conditioning?
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∙ 11y ago
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∙ 11y ago
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What is an operant-conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced?
shaping.
Conditioning is the process of?
Shaping behavior by using reward and punishment.
What are the differences between classical and operant conditioning theories?
In classical conditioning a stimulus that already leads to a response is replaced by a different stimulus. In operant conditioning a behaviour is picked out and either reinforced or punished to make it more or less common. So you could say one acts to modify or replace the stimulus that leads to a given response, and the other to modify or refine a response with SKELETONS. In terms of Pavlov's dog (classical) this meant replacing the smell of food, as the stimulus that leads to salivation, with the sound of a bell instead so that eventually even with the sound of the bell alone the dog has 'learned' to salivate. In terms of Skinner's cat (operant) the stimulus was confinement and the natural behaviour was to explore the environment for an escape. Teaching the cat to press the lever to get out can be seen as refining this behaviour with a reward. Here, of course, the cat was not shown how to press the lever. It discovered it randomly on it's own. But thereafter it did not waste much time before pressing the lever on the SKELETON.
A psychologist would be most likely to use modeling than shaping in order to determine whether nonverbal organisms can perceive different colors?
A psychologist uses shaping to determine if non-verbal creatures can discriminate between visual stimuli such as colors.
What are the educational implications of classical conditioning?
Implications of Operant conditioning TheoryImplication of the theory of operant conditioning:1. Conditioning study behaviourTeaching is the arrangement of contingencies of reinforcement which expedite learning. For effective teaching teacher should arranged effective contingencies of reinforcement. Example: For Self learning of a student teacher should reinforce student behaviour through variety of incentives such as prize, medal, smile, praise, affectionate pating on the back or by giving higher marks.2. Conditioning and classroom behaviour:During learning process child acquire unpleasant experiences also. This unpleasantness becomes conditioned to the teacher subject and the classroom and learner dislike the subject and a teacher. Suitable behavioural contingencies, atmosphere of recognition, acceptance, affection and esteem helps child in approaching teacher and the subject. If student is not serious in study, teacher make use of negative reinforcement like showing negligence, criticising student etc. but if student is serious in study, teacher make use of positive reinforcement like prize, medal, praise and smile. Example: student having transistor in classroom neglected by the teacher induged in talking with others for longer time. After long time student asked teacher till now you are receiving assignments, I will also submit you. Thus behaviour is conditioned.3. Managing Problem Behaviour:Two types of behaviour is seen in the classroom viz undesired behaviour and problematic behaviour. Operant conditioning is a behaviour therapy technique that shape students behaviour. For this teacher should admit positive contingencies like praise, encouragement etc. for learning. One should not admit negative contingencies. Example punishment (student will run away from the dull and dreary classes - escape stimulation.4. Dealing with anxieties through conditioning:Through conditioning fear, anxieties, prejudices, attitudes, perceptual meaning develops. Example of anxiety:Signals on the roadSiren blown during war timeChild receiving painful injection from a doctorAnxiety is a generalized fear response. To break the habits of fear, desensitization techniques should be used by a teacher. Initially teacher should provide very weak form of conditioned stimulus. Gradually the strength of stimulus should be increased.5. Conditioning group behaviour:Conditioning makes entire group learn and complete change in behaviour is seen due to reinforcement. It breaks undesired and unsocial behaviour too.Example: Putting questions or telling lie to teachers will make teachers annoyed in such circumstances students learn to keep mum in the class.Asking questions, active participation in class discussion will make the teacher feel happy - interaction will increase and teaching learning process becomes more effective.6. Conditioning and Cognitive Processes:Reinforcement is given in different form, for the progress of knowledge and in the feedback form. When response is correct positive reinforcement is given.Example: A student who stands first in the class in the month of January is rewarded in the month of December. To overcome this Programme instruction is used. In this subject matter is broken down into steps. Organizing in logical sequence helps in learning. Each step is build upon the preceding step. Progress is seen in the process of learning. Immediate reinforcement is given at each step.7. Shaping Complex Behaviour:Complex behaviour exists in form of a chain of small behaviour. Control is required for such kind of behaviour. This extended form of learning is shaping technique. Smallest Behaviour is controlled at initial stage. On behalf of different contingencies next order of chain of behaviours is controlled.Example: Vocabulary in English. Teaching spelling is mainly a process of shaping complex form of behaviour.
What is an operant conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced?
shaping.
What is an operant-conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced?
shaping.
Which conditioning classical or operant would be used to train a dog to fetch?
Since running and picking up the ball are voluntary behaviors you would need to use shaping and operant conditioning to reward approximations of the desired behavior until the dog eventually gets the ball and brings it back without provocation
When animal trainers use operant conditioning technique to slowly condition a new behavior by reinforcing successive approximations of the new desired behavior the specific name for this is?
Shaping
When animal trainers use operant conditioning techniques to slowly condition a new behavior by reinforcing successive approximations of the new desired behavior the specific name for this is?
Shaping
Which would be used to train a dog to fetch classical or operant?
Since running and picking up the ball are voluntary behaviors you would need to use shaping and operant conditioning to reward approximations of the desired behavior until the dog eventually gets the ball and brings it back without provocation
Conditioning is the process of?
Shaping behavior by using reward and punishment.
Suppose you're using an operant conditioning approach to teach someone how to use a bow and arrow. this operant conditioning approach is called?
Operant conditioning, popularized in psychology by B. F. Skinner, differs from classical Pavlovian conditioning by rewarding certain behavior intermittently. Skinner found that while Pavlov rewarded desired behavior every time, intermettent reward actually generated conditioning that appeared sooner and decayed more slowly than the every time approach. Skinner, a behaviorist, was interested only in the behavior itself and didn't believe there was anything more complex behind these differences. His findings, however, have been used in a variety of settings like the gambling casino slot machine process of generating intermittent small wins to keep the player involved. I doubt that one could create teaching approach to something like archery based on operant conditioning. However, shaping might also be somewhat low level for human archery given a person's ability to mentally construct successful performance and shape his own behavior without external rewards provided by a handler. Behaviorists like Skinner didn't believe that differences between animals and humans existed and would thus probably use shaping, but most researchers accept that humans have higher processes that allows them to learn without conditioning (although we are susceptible to these low level approaches in certain settings.)
Difference between single-point cutting tool use in lathe and shaping machine?
explain the difference between single point & multi point cutting tool
What is the difference between a shaping machine and a slotting machine?
Shaping machine will perform operations only on the surface of the work piece. It only does surface smoothness. Where as the slotting machine will perform operations like making keyways in shafts etc...
What is the difference between diamond chip and solid diamond?
Diamond chip is just that, chips of real diamond cut off during the shaping process.
What are the differences between classical and operant conditioning theories?
In classical conditioning a stimulus that already leads to a response is replaced by a different stimulus. In operant conditioning a behaviour is picked out and either reinforced or punished to make it more or less common. So you could say one acts to modify or replace the stimulus that leads to a given response, and the other to modify or refine a response with SKELETONS. In terms of Pavlov's dog (classical) this meant replacing the smell of food, as the stimulus that leads to salivation, with the sound of a bell instead so that eventually even with the sound of the bell alone the dog has 'learned' to salivate. In terms of Skinner's cat (operant) the stimulus was confinement and the natural behaviour was to explore the environment for an escape. Teaching the cat to press the lever to get out can be seen as refining this behaviour with a reward. Here, of course, the cat was not shown how to press the lever. It discovered it randomly on it's own. But thereafter it did not waste much time before pressing the lever on the SKELETON.
