The treatment effect is the difference between the observed outcome and the "normal" outcome (the difference between P2 and Q
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= The Manager vs. the Executive = How are the critical analytical tools of Managers and Executives different? Here is a chart that outlines the basic differences in the level of problem solving and analysis between managers and executives: Managers… Executives… Analyze and solve problems at the inter-personal level Analyze and solve problems at the inter and intra-organizational level 'Produce' teams of employees 'Produce' organizational units and organizations Evaluate the 'flow of time' in project increments Evaluate the 'flow of time' in 'life-cycle of the organization' increments Respond to internal forces of change within the organization Respond to external forces of change that may or may not be within the control of the organization Have a unit/ branch perspective of the organizational tree Have a 'roots and trunk' perspective of the organizational tree Use anecdotal/ incidental evidence to solve problems Use conceptual/ abstract evidence to solve problems Use domain/ department specific tools to assess and solve problems Use cross-domain/ cross-department tools to assess and solve problems Rarely need to pursue independent lines of inquiry beyond the organization Often need to pursue independent lines of inquiry beyond the organization Are products of organizational discourse Are producers of organizational discourse Are protected from external inconsistencies in the marketplace Are constantly subject to external inconsistencies in the marketplace Are paid to maintain a predictive state within a static local environment Are paid to constantly adjust to un-predictive forces in a dynamic local environment Rarely use critical analysis to question organizational structure and state Often use critical analysis to question organizational structure and state
Just different titles bit same job as both report to a board but run the company primarily